Cancer Research and Therapy

Genetic immunization with recombinant viral vectors based on Semliki Forest virus,immune checkpoint inhibitors and strategies to re-modulate the immunosuppressiveTomour environment.Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level.The discipline was founded by George Nicolas Papanicolaou in 1928. Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments,in contrast to Histopathology,which studies whole tissues.

Many factors influence the development of cancer. Over the last 25 years, science has shown that diet, physical activity, and body weight especially being overweight or obese—are major risk factors for developing certain types of cancer. Around a third of the most common cancers could be prevented through lifestyle changes. The main behavioural and environmental risk factors for cancer mortality in the world are related to diet and physical inactivity, use of addictive substances, sexual and reproductive health and exposure to air pollution and use of contaminated needles. The body’s ability to resist cancer may be helped by following a healthy diet, staying physically active, and avoiding excess body fat.  Cancer and cancer treatments can also affect your body's ability to tolerate certain foods and use nutrients.

Cancer Prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the Risk of Cancer.Most of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors,and many,but not all,of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices. An individual's risk of developing cancer can be substantially reduced by healthy behaviour.Cancer Prevention Research comprises preclinical,clinical and translational research,with special attention given to molecular discoveries and an emphasis on building a translational bridge between the basic and Clinical Sciences.

Alternative cancer treatments may not play a direct role in curing your cancer, but they may help you cope with signs and symptoms caused by cancer and cancer treatments. CAM is the term for medical products and practices that are not part of standard care. Integrating the best of evidence-based complementary and alternative cancer treatments with the treatments you receive from your doctor may help relieve many of the symptoms associated with cancer and its treatment.

Oncology Nursing is a field involving practice encompasses the roles of direct caregiver, educator, consultant, administrator, and researcher. Oncology and cancer nursing extends to all care delivery settings where clients experiencing or at risk for developing cancer receive health care, education, and counselling for cancer prevention, screening and detection. It also involves appropriate screenings and other preventative practices, symptom management, care to retain as much normal functioning as possible, and supportive measures upon end of life.

Cancer immunology is a branch of immunology that studies interactions between the immune system and cancer cells (also called tumours or malignancies). It is a field of research that aims to discover cancer immunotherapies to treat and retard progression of the disease. Cancer immunotherapy also known as Immune-oncology is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies can be categorized as active, passive or hybrid (active and passive). The immune response, including the recognition of cancer-specific antigens, forms the basis of targeted therapy (such as vaccines and antibody therapies) and tumour marker-based diagnostic tests.

Cancer can be treated by different processes. The choice of therapy depends upon the location and grade of the tumour and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient). Many experimental cancer treatments are also under development. Some people with cancer will have only one treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. You may also have immunotherapy, targeted therapy, or hormone therapy.

Cancer Epidemiology includes the study of the factors affecting Cancer to infer possible trends and causes. The study of cancer epidemiology uses epidemiological methods to find the cause of cancer and to identify and develop improved treatments. It can be used to identify events that increase or decrease cancer incidence in specific populations.The studies related to population-based research on cancer etiology,prevention, surveillance and survivorship, analytical, and molecular epidemiology, survivorship studies, risk factors, as well as the role of behavioural factors in cancer etiology and prevention are also included.

\r\n Cancer is caused when cells within the body accumulate genetic mutations and start to grow in an uncontrolled manner. Understanding how cancer develops and progresses, including how gene mutations drive the growth and spread of cancer cells, and how tumours interact with their surrounding environment, is vital for the discovery of new targeted cancer treatments.

Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent, or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms.

Cancer pharmacology plays a key role in drug development. In both the laboratory and the clinic, cancer pharmacology has had to adapt to the changing face of drug development by establishing experimental models and target orientated approaches. It also focuses on developing experimental approaches to the clinical treatment of cancer through research that bridges the fields of molecular carcinogenesis, biochemical pharmacology, radiation biology, and clinical pharmacology. It generally involves the pharmacological and oncological aspects of drugs at both.

The traditional use of Nano technology in Cnacer therapeutics has been to improve the pharmacokinetics and reduce the systemic toxicities of chemotherapies through the selective targeting and delivery of these Anticancer drugs to tomour issues.

\r\n Cancer Vaccines generally either treats existing cancer or prevents development of a cancer. Cancer treatment vaccines are made up of cancer cells, parts of cells, or pure antigens. Sometimes a patient’s own immune cells are removed and exposed to these substances in the lab to create the vaccines.

Imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis,prognosis,and epidemiology.While some cancer biomarkers can be used to predict how aggressively your cancer will grow,and are therefore useful for assessing your prognosis,the most promising use of biomarkers today is to identify which therapies a patient’s cancer may or may not respond to.

cancer can occur anywhere in the body. The most common sites of cancer among men include lung, prostate, colon, rectum, stomach and liver. And those for among women are breast, colon, rectum, lung, cervix and stomach.Cancers are often described by the body part that they originated in. However, some body parts contain multiple types of tissue, so for greater precision,cancers can additionally be classified by the type of cell that the tumour cells  originated from. The type of cancer a person has needed to be known properly as different types of cancer can behave very differently and respond to different treatments.

Stems cells transplant is used to treatment of cancer like Leukamia,multiple myeloma & lymphoma.Cord Blood Stem and cancer cord blood contains haematopoietic(blood)stem cell.They have long been used in stem cell treatments for leukaemia, blood and Bone marrow disorders when chemotherapy is used.